Abstract
The concept of sleep health provides a positive holistic framing of multiple sleep characteristics, including sleep duration, continuity, timing, alertness, and satisfaction. Sleep health promotion is an underrecognized public health opportunity with implications for a wide range of critical health outcomes, including cardiovascular disease, obesity, mental health, and neurodegenerative disease. Using a socioecological framework, we describe interacting domains of individual, social, and contextual influences on sleep health. To the extent that these determinants of sleep health are modifiable, sleep and public health researchers may benefit from taking a multilevel approach for addressing disparities in sleep health. For example, in addition to providing individual-level sleep behavioral recommendations, health promotion interventions need to occur at multiple contextual levels (e.g., family, schools, workplaces, media, and policy). Because sleep health, a key indicator of overall health, is unevenly distributed across the population, we consider improving sleep health a necessary step toward achieving health equity.
Highlights
Poor sleep health is an underrecognized public health challenge strongly associated with morbidity and mortality [30]
We contend that sleep health is a public health opportunity that has been underrecognized by both www.annualreviews.org
The current state of the science, some of which is summarized above, indicates that the benefits of sleep health to the population affect a wide range of critical health outcomes
Summary
Poor sleep health is an underrecognized public health challenge strongly associated with morbidity and mortality [30]. Obesity (and related lifestyle factors such as diet and physical activity) may contribute to poor sleep health and sleep disorders, especially OSA [110] Despite these concerns, sleep and circadian-focused interventions, including sleep extension, regularizing sleep schedules, appropriate meal timing, and time-restricted eating, may serve as potential strategies for promoting weight loss, weight management, and improved glucose metabolism [28, 81, 123]. Recent findings from a large, randomized clinical trial demonstrated that treatment of insomnia, with cognitive behavioral therapy, led to reductions in psychotic experiences among university students [43] These promising findings provide strong evidence for a causal role of sleep disturbances in the development and exacerbation of mental health disorders and the potential for treating sleep problems as an important intervention target in the armament of strategies to support mental health.
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