Abstract
While it is recognized that ensuring adequate sleep is vital in childhood development, typical activities, such television and other electronic media, early school start times, and extracurricular activities, can intrude on sleep time. Parents are faced with the responsibility of either limiting distractions and activities which interfere with sleep, or dealing with the complications of a child who does not receive adequate sleep. Some parents are not equipped with the knowledge of the amount of sleep children require. Certain parents also do not have discipline abilities to effectively manage their child's behavior to encourage sleep. Effective treatments are available for sleep disturbances in children, but often depend on a parent's ability to manage sleep behavior in their children. The following paper provides an overview of the significant literature published on sleep disturbances in children (early childhood through adolescence), along with the interrelationship between sleep and the family.
Highlights
The typical human being spends a full one-third of their lifetime asleep [1]
The results indicated that patients are at high risk for future episodes of the same diagnosis as well as future episodes of the other diagnosis [21]
The authors speculate that is may be this compensatory mechanism develops in response to the sleep fragmentation in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), essentially by increasing the overall sleep duration to mitigate the microarousals that occur during OSAS, and may play a role in the mitigation of the daytime neurobehavioral consequences of OSAS [76]
Summary
The typical human being spends a full one-third of their lifetime asleep [1]. For something so critical to everyday existence, sleep research has yet to uncover the exact function of sleep [2,3,4,5,6]. REM is the period of sleep during which dreams occur, the eyes dart back and forth under closed lids, and the body becomes immobile and relaxed This REM period of sleep first occurs 90 minutes after sleep has been initiated, lasts longer each cycle throughout the night [14,15], and is important to performance the following day [10]. Complicating matters of sleep research in children is that sleep behavior changes dramatically during the first few years of life depending on a wide variety of factors such as the culture of the family of origin and parental attitudes toward television watching and computer use [9,12,27,28,36,37,38]. Researchers identified cellular phones as being significantly related to shorter sleep duration, more sleep disturbance, and excessive daytime sleepiness [39,40]
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