Slaughterhouse wastes as potential energy for the replacement for fossil fuel in diesel engine with the influence of hydrogen and nanoparticles ZrO2 and MWCNT

Abstract

In recent years many approaches were carried out in converting the waste into energy. In addition, effective research was also conducted on the nanoparticles in the diesel engine along with biodiesel blends to compensate for the higher viscosity rate, and lower calorific value. Typically adding the nanoparticles to the biodiesel enhances the rate of combustion which leads to less emissions indeed. In this study, the slaughter house waste has been used to produce biodiesel. In order to increase the energy content in the biodiesel, the nanoparticles ZrO2 and MWCNT were dispersed at the concentration of 50 ppm. Both nanoparticles showed promising potential in increasing the BTE owing to its oxygen content and valence transformation. In addition to above, hydrogen was added via air inlet to enhance the combustion further. Adding the hydrogen to the diesel, decreases the cumulative carbon content involved in the combustion process. Experiments were conducted for the sample diesel and 20 % biodiesel blends under the presence of ZrO2 and MWCNT nanoparticles at different brake power varying from 0.8 kW to 3.2 kW respectively. In addition to above, the test blends were included with hydrogen gas at the flow rate of 5 L per minute. The performance of the engine was increased at higher brake power. Among the different blends, 20 % blends with hydrogen reported maximum brake thermal efficiency of 10.6 % higher than diesel. On the contrary, the consumption of fuel increased by 7.8 %. With regard to emissions, adding the hydrogen increases the NOx levels due to higher cylinder temperatures and heat release rates. However, the concentration of HC, CO and smoke were reduced due to the influence of nanoparticles and hydrogen content in the biodiesel.