Abstract
Simple SummaryCattle farmers are in a dilemma when they have to decide if an animal is fit for continued production and can endure another lactation or a pregnancy, or if slaughtering the animal is a better solution despite the animal being pregnant. We studied the prevalence of pregnant cattle at a Danish abattoir and did follow-up interviews of the farmers, asking the reasons for the slaughter of the specific animals, and queried their ethical deliberations. Many pregnant cattle were slaughtered, and the decision to do so was often health-related in dairy herds and production-related in non-dairy herds. Farmers were often aware of the ethical dilemma and considered it better to slaughter the pregnant cow instead of letting her endure another lactation in a stressful environment.The slaughter of pregnant cattle gives rise to ethical controversy. We estimated the prevalence of pregnant cattle, elucidated the reasons for their slaughter, and in light of our findings, discussed the ethics of sending pregnant cattle for slaughter. Among 825 female cattle >353 days of age admitted to a Danish abattoir, 187 (23%) were found to be pregnant. There was no apparent difference in the proportion of pregnant animals between dairy and non-dairy cattle. “Health”-related slaughter was most frequent in dairy herds (70%), whereas “production”-related slaughter was most frequent in non-dairy herds (63%). While many farmers considered it unethical to slaughter pregnant cows without a good reason for doing so, many dairy farmers identified animal welfare as an important parameter in the decision, which was typically when the general condition of the cow or heifer would make it difficult for her to pass through calving and subsequent lactation. The many pregnant animals sent for slaughter were often the result of deliberate choices. Non-dairy farmers often kept a bull with their female cattle, and in many instances, this resulted in the mating of cattle intended for slaughter. Although considered ethically problematic by many dairy farmers, the slaughter of pregnant dairy cattle was often considered better for the cow compared to a stressful lactation period.
Highlights
Reproduction is an essential part of the beef and dairy production cycle
This results in calves for veal and beef production, and in dairy production, it results in lactation for the cow, heifers for replacement, as well as calves for veal production
The aims of this study were to assess: (a) the prevalence of pregnant cattle at slaughter in different production systems in Denmark; (b) if the farmers were aware that they send pregnant cattle to slaughter; (c) the reasons farmers give for sending pregnant cattle for slaughter; (d) their ethical considerations when sending pregnant cattle for slaughter; and (e) if the practice of sending pregnant cattle for slaughter reflects a lack of care from Danish farmers or is based on concerns for animal welfare or other ethical reasons
Summary
Reproduction is an essential part of the beef and dairy production cycle. Animals 2019, 9, 392 the United States before 1954 [3], and in the United Kingdom, prevalences of 30% (n = 1032 dairy cows), 10% (n = 100), 23% (n = 1885), and 23% (n = 2502 cows) pregnant cattle at slaughter were recorded between 1959 and 1961 [4], before 1970 [5], in 1974–1975 [6], and in 1991 [7], respectively. A study in Australia in 1973 has estimated a prevalence of 63% pregnant heifers and cows slaughtered among 7495 extensively farmed beef cattle [8])
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