Abstract
In the cosmetic sector, natural and sustainable products with a high compatibility with skin, thus conjugating wellness with a green-oriented consumerism, are required by the market. Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA)/starch blends represent a promising alternative to prepare flexible films as support for innovative beauty masks, wearable after wetting and releasing starch and other selected molecules. Nevertheless, preparing these films by extrusion is difficult due to the high viscosity of the polymer melt at the temperature suitable for processing starch. The preparation of blends including poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) (PBSA) or poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) was investigated as a strategy to better modulate melt viscosity in view of a possible industrial production of beauty mask films. The release properties of films in water, connected to their morphology, was also investigated by extraction trials, infrared spectroscopy and stereo and electron microscopy. Then, the biocompatibility with cells was assessed by considering both mesenchymal stromal cells and keratinocytes. All the results were discussed considering the morphology of the films. This study evidenced the possibility of modulating thanks to the selection of composition and the materials processing of the properties necessary for producing films with tailored properties and processability for beauty masks.
Highlights
Over the past two decades, declining fertility and mortality rates have resulted in an increased aged population [1]
The results revealed that films had a single glass transition temperature (Tg) for all proportions of PHB/starch blends
Total RNA was isolated with TRizol and 1 μm of RNA was reverse-transcribed into complementary DNA using random hexamer primers, at 42 ◦C for 45 min, according to the manufacturer’s instructions
Summary
Over the past two decades, declining fertility and mortality rates have resulted in an increased aged population [1]. This phenomenon has created room for innovation, leading to a robust demand for anti-aging products in order to prevent wrinkles, age-spots, dry skin, uneven skin tone and even hair weakening. Today the global beauty industry reached a value of $532 billion, with the largest market represented by the US (with about 20% share), followed by China (13%) and Japan (8%). With a compound annual growth rate between 5% and 7%, the beauty market is estimated to reach $800 billion by 2025, remaining impervious to the ups and down of the global economy [2,3]
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