Abstract
The world population is aging and no country is immune to the consequences. We are not aware of any country-specific skin aging risk factors data for the Mongolian people. Thus, we aimed to study the risk factors associated with skin aging in the Mongolian population. A population-based cross-sectional study of 2720 study participants 18 years of age and older was performed evaluating the severity of skin aging based on cutaneous microtopography. Questionnaire data and skin physiological measurements were obtained. The odds ratios for skin aging grades associated with risk factors were estimated using ordinal logistic regression. Study participant’s mean age was 45 years, ranging from 18 to 87. After adjustment for known risk factors, skin aging was associated with demographic risk factors such as increasing age (aOR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.18–1.20), living in an urban area (aOR = 1.31, 95% CI 1.12–1.55) and lifestyle factors including being a smoker (aOR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.09–1.61), having a higher body mass index (aOR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.06) and higher levels of sun exposure time (aOR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.00–1.06) were significantly associated with higher skin aging grades. Having dry (aOR = 1.94, 95% CI 1.45–2.59) and combination skin (aOR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.22–2.16) types were also independent risk factors associated with skin aging. Having very low skin surface moisture at the T-zone (aOR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.42–3.11) was significantly related to skin aging. Older age, urban living and toxic working conditions were independent demographic risk factors related to skin aging. Smoking, higher BMI, greater levels of sun exposure were significant lifestyle risk factors. Having a skin type other than normal was a physiologic risk factor for skin aging.
Highlights
The aging of the worldwide population is widely recognized as an issue that impacts skin [1]
Our study aimed to investigate the relationship between skin aging and its potential risk factors using non-invasive cutaneous microtopography in what we believe is Mongolia’s first nationwide skin-aging survey
Our results indicate that being older, living in an urban area, having a lower frequency of getting professional skin care services, not using sunscreen, working in toxic conditions, smoking, having a higher BMI, and more sun exposure were significantly associated with higher skin
Summary
The aging of the worldwide population is widely recognized as an issue that impacts skin [1]. Skin aging is affected by demographic, environmental, and lifestyle factors and skin types [2]. Demographic factors play an important role in skin aging. In 2019, a Nepal study with Caucasian or Mongolian tribes demonstrated that increasing age and sun exposure were the main determinants of skin aging [3]. Sun exposure on the visible areas of the skin affects the progression of skin aging by up to 80% [4]. A study demonstrated that men had significantly higher skin aging grades than women in all age groups [5]. A study of 1204 Indian women living in Chennai city, the fourth most populous urban area in India, found that living in a metropolitan area was a risk factor of skin aging [6]. Skin is vulnerable to work conditions, and outdoor work, even part-time, leads to skin aging [5, 7]
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