Abstract
Livestock production has increased in many emerging economies, but productivity is often substantially impaired by infectious diseases. The first step towards improved livestock health and productivity is to map the presence of livestock diseases. The objective of this review was to summarize studies conducted on such diseases in an emerging economy, Vietnam, and thereby identifying knowledge gaps that may inform the design of surveillance and control programs. Few studies were found to evaluate the distribution of infectious livestock diseases other than avian influenza. Also, many regions with dense livestock populations had received little attention in terms of disease investigation. A large proportion of the studies dealt with zoonoses and food-borne infections which might be due to funding agencies priorities. On the contrary, studies targeting infections that affect livestock and their productivity were few. We think that this limitation in scientific reports on infectious diseases that only affect livestock productivity is a common phenomenon in low and lower middle income countries. More science-based data on such diseases would help policymakers to prioritize which livestock diseases should be subject to animal health programs aimed to support rural livelihoods and economic development.
Highlights
The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Vietnam has more than doubled in the last decade and the country is categorized as a lower middle-income country by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (OECD, 2019)
The study investigating Campylobacter found the highest prevalence in pigs in high-density production areas and that C. jejuni was the most predominant species (Carrique-Mas et al, 2014)
We have summarized the scientific literature in English on prevalence data of infectious livestock diseases in Vietnam between 2007 and 2017
Summary
The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Vietnam has more than doubled in the last decade and the country is categorized as a lower middle-income country by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (OECD, 2019). In Vietnam, the agricultural sector accounted for 20.6% of the country’s gross domestic product in 2010, of which livestock production contributed 24.5% (OECD, 2012). According to the General Statistics Office of Vietnam, in 2015 livestock included 361.7 million poultry, 29.0 million pigs, 5.5 million cattle, 2.5 million buffaloes, and 1.9 million goats and sheep (GSOV, 2016). Livestock production in Vietnam has experienced changes with the gradual reduction in the population of buffaloes and beef cattle in contrast to a marked increase in dairy herds (GSOV, 2016). Pig production gradually increased from 2007 to 2015, while poultry production is a unique sector that witnessed a sharp increase during the same period with an average annual growth rate of 7%
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