Skeletal muscle gene expression in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing calorie-restricted diet and recreational sports training - a randomized clinical trial

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a 12-week calorie-restricted diet and recreational sports training on gene expressions IL-15, ATROGIN-1 and MURF-1 in skeletal muscle of T2D patients. Older adults with T2D (n=39, 60±6.0years, BMI 33.5±0.6kg/m2) were randomly allocated to Diet+Soccer (DS), Diet+Running (DR) or Diet (D). The training sessions were moderate-to-high-intensity and performed 3×40min/week for 12-weeks. Gene expression from vastus lateralis muscle obtained by qRT-PCR, dual-energy X-ray and fasting blood testing measurements were performed before and after 12-weeks. Statistical analysis adopted were two-way ANOVA and Paired t-test for gene expression, and RM-ANOVA test for the remainder variables. Total body weight was reduced in ~4kg representing body fat mass in all groups after 12-weeks (P<0.05). HbA1c values decreased in all groups post-intervention. Lipids profile improved in the training groups (P<0.05) after 12-weeks. ATROGIN-1 and MURF-1 mRNA reduced in the DS (1.084±0.14 vs. 0.754±1.14 and 1.175±0.34 vs. 0.693±0.12, respectively; P<0.05), while IL-15 mRNA increased in the DR (1.056±0.12 vs. 1.308±0.13; P<0.05) after 12-weeks intervention. Recreational training with a moderate calorie-restricted diet can downregulates the expression of atrophy-associated myokines and increases the expression of anti-inflammatory gene IL-15.