Size-selective mortality of laboratory-reared Atlantic bluefin tuna larvae: evidence from microstructure analysis of otoliths during the piscivorous phase

Abstract

Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) larvae show strong piscivorous feeding behavior at the very early larval stage and this enables them to grow at high rates. We conducted a laboratory experiment in which Atlantic bluefin tuna larvae were offered larval prey for the first time at different ages to simulate the early onset of piscivory at three treatments: yolk-sac larvae (YSL), delayed onset of piscivory (DYSL) and a solely planktivorous diet (Rotifers). The otolith microstructure was then used to compare the larval size distribution at the onset of the experiment with the estimated previous size-at-age of the survivors at the end of the experiment by back-calculation. Within a cohort, our results show size-selective mortality of the largest larvae independent of the differences in the timing of onset of piscivory and differences in growth patterns. The results also corroborate the rapid response of Atlantic bluefin tuna to piscivory in terms of growth reflected in the otolith increment widths. Being bigger did not infer a survival advantage and mortality rates did not decline with increasing larval size. Smaller size at a given age could under certain conditions and stages of development confer a survival advantage of individual members of a larval cohort when suitable small-sized prey is available.