Size reduction of the square microstrip patch antenna with Koch fractal for 1.575 GHz applications

Abstract

This paper discusses a square patch microstrip antenna with a resonant frequency of 1.575 GHz. The initial design of the antenna was carried out using a theoretical approach and then applied fractal Koch with 1-iteration and 2-iteration. The design optimization is done using the AWR simulator. Based on the optimal design results, the use of Koch fractals has been able to reduce the antenna size. In the first iteration, the antenna size can be reduced by 28% with a minimum return loss value of -33.36 dB at a frequency of 1.575 GHz. In the second iteration, the antenna size can be reduced by 42.4% from the design without fractals with a minimum return loss of -37.18 dB at a frequency of 1.575 GHz. The gain of each antenna design has almost the same value, namely 5.115 dB.