Design A Square Microstrip Patch Antenna for S-Band Application

Abstract

In recent years there is a need for more compact antennas due to rapid decrease in size of personal communication devices. This paperdeals with the problem of size and performance of antenna. This paper presents design and simulation of a square micro strip patch antenna at 2.6 GHz for S- Band communications that provides a radiation pattern along a wide angle of beam and achieves a good gain. The square micro strip patch antenna was analyzed using Ansoft/Ansys HFSS. The proposed inset feed square patch antenna provide good Resonant Frequency, Return Loss, VSWR, Radiation Pattern and the antenna Gain. Index Terms: Micro strip antenna, Inset feed, Return Loss I. Introduction Micro strip patch antennas (also just called patch antennas) are among the most common antenna types in use today, particularly in the popular frequency range of 1 to 6 GHz. This type of antenna had its first intense development in the 1970s, as communication systems became common at frequencies where its size and performance were very useful. At the same time, its flat profile and reduced weight, compared to parabolic reflectors and other antenna options, made it attractive for airborne and spacecraft applications. More recently, those same properties, with additional size reduction using high dielectric constant materials, have made patch antennas common in handsets, GPS receivers and other mass-produced wireless products. This tutorial article is intended to provide basic information on patch antenna design and operation, directed to engineers who are mainly designers of RFmicrowave circuits. The paper hope that this information will assist them as they design circuitry connected to these antennas, or as they are called on to evaluate and specify a vendor's antenna product for their current project. Antennas are indispensable elements of any wireless communication systems. There are several type of antenna are available they are wire antenna, log periodic antenna, travelling wave antenna, micro strip antenna, aperture antenna, reflector antenna. The wire antenna comprises of several antenna they are short dipole antenna, dipole antenna, half wave dipole, broadband dipole, monopole antenna and loop antenna. In spite of this antenna, in this project micro strip antenna is designed with frequency of 2.6GHZ.Micro strip antenna comprises of 2 antennas theyare rectangular micro strip (patch) antenna and planar inverted-F antenna Micro strip or patch antennas arebecoming increasingly useful because they can be printed directly onto a circuit board. Micro strip antennas are becoming very widespread within the mobile phone market. Patch antennas are low cost, have a low profile and are easily fabricated. Micro strip antennas find many applications as they are low profile, light weight, conformable to surface and inexpensive to manufacture using printed-circuit technology. For a patch, the length L of the element is usually the L< λg/2 (where λg is the guide wavelength on the substrate). Thicker substrates with lower dielectric constant provide better efficiency and larger bandwidth but at the expense of larger element size. Thin substrates with higher dielectric constants lead to smaller element sizes, minimize coupling, but are less efficient and have relatively smaller bandwidth. Micro strip patch antennas have enjoyed proliferated use in many circularly polarized applications due to their low-profile and useful radiation characteristics. In the last decade, the development of modern wireless systems has prompted increased investigation on micro strip radiators, with particular attention paid to improving performance and miniaturization. Compared to a circular patch for a given frequency the square geometry is smaller in size. In modern communication system requires low profile, light weight, high gain, and simple structure antennas to give surety reliability, mobility, and high efficiency characteristics. Due to the existence of growth in development of low cost, less weight, highly reliable, minimal profile antennas for wireless devices, it poses a new challenge for the design of antenna in wireless communications. This paper presents design and simulation of a square micro strip patch array antenna at 2.6 GHz for wireless communications that provides a radiation pattern along a wide angle of beam and achieves a good gain. The rest of the paper has been divided into Fiveparts.Section 1 describes overview of antenna. Section 2 describes an overview of the Micro strip patch antenna. Section 3describesdesign consideration of antenna.Section 4 describes simulation results. Section 5 describesthe conclusion and future work respectively.