Abstract
Morphological changes of the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface during electrochemical intercalation–deintercalation process in pure ionic liquids (ILs) have been studied using electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM). The results show that electrochemical intercalation of ions into HOPG is strongly dependent on anionic size of the ILs used. Up to 0.8 V versus the Ag quasi reference, drastic reversible morphological changes of HOPG surface during anion intercalation–deintercalation were observed in [BMIM][HSO4], whereas these changes were absent in [BMIM][N(Tf)2]. However, at and above 1.2 V, the HOPG surface degrades in both the ILs to form carbon nanoparticles.
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