Size at birth and insulin-like growth factor-I and its binding protein-1 among infants of diabetic mothers

Abstract

Objective: to estimate the association between intrauterine fetal growth, evaluated by anthropometric measurements, and biochemical growth factors; IGF-I and IGBP-1 among IDMs. Methods: Cross-sectional study carried out on 69 full term IDMs who was admitted to neonatal intensive care units, Ain Shams University Hospitals. Clinical examination including anthropometric measurements; birth weight, length, head circumference, mid-arm circumference, skinfold thickness at triceps and subscapular areas and placental weight. Laboratory investigations included maternal HbA1c and cord blood IGF-I and IGBP-1. They were classified into three groups: 20 small for gestational age (SGA), 25 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) and 24 large for gestational age (LGA). Results: Most of SGA neonates were born to mothers with type I diabetes, while most of AGA and LGA were born to mothers with gestational diabetes. According to maternal HbA1c, SGA and LGA neonates were born to metabolically uncontrolled mothers while AGA neonates were born to well-controlled diabetic mothers. Anthropometric measurements had significant positive correlations with IGF-I and negative correlations with IGFBP-1. Conclusions: Good control of diabetes during pregnancy is essential to improve fetal growth. There is an opposing effect of cord blood IGF-I and IGFBP-1 on anthropometric measurements.