Abstract
Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) limit abdominal fat depot hypertrophy. This could be due to regulation of the expression of proteins involved in adipose tissue metabolism. We investigated in vivo whether fatty acid synthase (FAS), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein alpha (C/EBP alpha), and leptin mRNA levels are affected in retroperitoneal (RP) and subcutaneous adipose tissues (SC) of rats fed n-3 PUFAs. For 4 weeks rats were fed high fat diets (20% fat) containing n-3 PUFAs given as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA group), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA group), a mixture of these two fatty acids (MIX group), or native fish oil (FO group). A control group was fed with lard plus olive oil (LOO group). Final mean fat cell weight in RP ranged according to: LOO > or = EPA > or = DHA = FO = MIX. There was no difference in fat cell size of SC when comparing the LOO and MIX groups. The fatty acid compositions of RP and SC were similar and resemble that of dietary fat within each experimental group. In RP and compared to the LOO group, FAS, HSL, PEPCK, LPL, C/EBP alpha, and leptin mRNA levels decreased although not significantly in the EPA group, and were 40-75% lower in the DHA and MIX groups. mRNA levels were positively correlated to fat cell size in RP. In contrast, n-3 PUFAs had no effect on gene expression in SC. We conclude that n-3 PUFAs and mainly 22:6n-3 affect gene expression in a site-dependent manner in white adipose tissues via possible antiadipogenic effects.
Highlights
Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) limit abdominal fat depot hypertrophy
N-3 PUFAs were shown to Abbreviations: PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; RP,retroperitoneal adipose tissue; subcutaneous adipose tissues (SC), subcutaneous adipose tissue; LOO, lard and olive oil; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; MIX, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid; FO, fish oil; FAS, fatty acid synthase; HSL, hormone-sensitive lipase; PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; C/EBPa, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein a
The daily n-3 PUFA intake was similar in the four groups fed diets enriched with these fatty acids (EPA, DHA, FO, and MIX groups)
Summary
Dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) limit abdominal fat depot hypertrophy. N-3 PUFAs were shown to Abbreviations: PUFAs, polyunsaturated fatty acids; RP,retroperitoneal adipose tissue; SC, subcutaneous adipose tissue; LOO, lard and olive oil; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; MIX, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid; FO, fish oil; FAS, fatty acid synthase; HSL, hormone-sensitive lipase; PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; LPL, lipoprotein lipase; C/EBPa, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein a. Fat depots are characterized by marked metabolic differences according to their anatomical location [30, 31] These site-specific differences hold for the gene expression that encodes various proteins in adipose tissue (32-34.) the second aim of the present study was to examine whether the regulation of adipose tissue gene expression by n-3 PUFAS is sitedependent. An internal depot, retroperitoneal adipose tissue (Rp),and a subcutaneous depot (SC), inguinal adipose tissue, were compared
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