Abstract
Fatty Acid Regulation of Gene Transcription
Highlights
Fatty Acid Regulation of GeneFatty acids (FAs) are energy-rich molecules, which play important metabolic roles
A comprehensive description of Fatty acids (FAs) regulation of gene expression requires the understanding that 1) FA molecules have a common basic structure with specific diversity determined by chain length and degree of unsaturation and 2) FAs are rapidly metabolized
Long chain FAs are insoluble in water and are carried in plasma either esterified in triacylglycerols arranged in complex structures, the lipoproteins, or in a non-esterified form (NEFAs) loosely bound to albumin (Fig. 1)
Summary
Fatty acids (FAs) are energy-rich molecules, which play important metabolic roles. They are an integral part of cells as membrane components, which can influence fluidity and receptor or channel function. Over the past 10 years, it has become evident that FAs can act as signaling molecules involved in regulating gene expression. These target genes encode proteins with roles in FA transport or metabolism. The corresponding change in the amount of specific proteins is an adaptative process that the cells develop in response to variations in FA concentration in the vicinity of the target tissue. Interesting progress has been made recently, the mechanism(s) by which FAs modulate gene transcription still remains largely unresolved.
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