Abstract
A site-scale integrated decision support tool (i-DSTss) is developed for selection and sizing of stormwater Best Management Practices (BMPs). The tool has several component modules—hydrology, BMP selection, BMP sizing, and life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA)—integrated into a single platform. The hydrology module predicts runoff from small catchment on event and continuous basis using the Green-Ampt and Curve Number methods. The module predicted runoff from a small residential area and a parking lot with R2 value of 0.77 and 0.74, respectively. The BMP selection module recommends a BMP type appropriate for a site based on economic, technical, social and environmental criteria using a multi-criteria optimization approach. The BMP sizing module includes sizing options for green roofs, infiltration-based BMPs, and storage-based BMPs. A mass balance approach is implemented for all types of BMPs. The tool predicted outflow rates from a permeable pavement with R2 value of 0.89. A cost module is included where capital, operation and maintenance, and rehabilitation costs are estimated based on BMP size obtained from the sizing module. The i-DSTss is built on an accessible platform (Microsoft Excel VBA) and can be operated with a basic skillset. The i-DSTss is intended for designers, regulators, and municipalities for quick analysis of scenarios involving interaction among several factors.
Highlights
Urbanization impacts the quality of urban water resources, and ineffective stormwater treatment plays a major role
Pollutant load/Concentration refers to the load or concentration of pollutants discharged into the outlet or into a Best Management Practices (BMPs) from the catchment/watershed; 2 life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a cost estimation method for incorporating all phases of project’s life useful in selecting between mutually exclusive options; 3 Integrated optimization refers to an optimization approach where multiple criteria including environmental, social, technical and economic factors are used in the optimization process; 4 Water quality analysis refers to BMP treatment performance evaluation
The BMP selection module includes several components integrated into an optimization module that uses an iterative process to generate optimal solutions
Summary
Urbanization impacts the quality of urban water resources, and ineffective stormwater treatment plays a major role. Low impact development practices (LIDs) emphasize better management of urban stormwater through reductions in post-development runoff by increasing on-site infiltration and reducing impervious surface cover [8]. Several watershed scale planning level tools have been developed for stormwater management (e.g., System for Urban Stormwater Treatment and Analysis IntegratioN (SUSTAIN)), these tools do not include detailed analysis for BMP sizing at the site-scale. These models are relatively complex, require extensive data processing, and modeling expertise to setup and operate. The BMP selection module leverages resources from existing international stormwater BMP database and is designed to allow inclusion of new BMPs as they become available
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