Abstract

We have measured spin-singlet–spin–triplet (ST) transitions in a vertical quantum dot containing up to four electrons. Current through the dot is measured as a function of gate voltage and magnetic field (0–9 T) at both small and large source drain voltages. The ST transitions cannot be explained within the framework of single-particle states in combination with a constant Coulomb interaction. Taking into account exchange interaction and a magnetic field dependent direct Coulomb interaction is essential for describing the observed ST transitions.

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