Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCNTs) as Solid-Contact in All-Solid-State Perchlorate ISEs: Applications to Fireworks and Propellants Analysis

Saad S M Hassan,Abd El-Galil E Amr,Ahmed Galal Eldin,Mohamed A Al-Omar,Ayman H Kamel

doi:10.3390/s19122697

Abstract

Herein, we present reliable, robust, stable, and cost-effective solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for perchlorate determination. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were used as solid-contact material and indium (III) 5, 10, 15, 20-(tetraphenyl) porphyrin chloride (InIII-porph) as an ion carrier. The sensor exhibited an improved sensitivity towards ClO4− ions with anionic slope of −56.0 ± 1.1 (R2 = 0.9998) mV/decade over a linear range 1.07 × 10−6 – 1.0 × 10−2 M and detection limit of 1.8 × 10−7 M. The short-term potential stability and the double-layer capacitance were measured by chronopotentiometric and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, respectively. The sensor is used for ClO4− determination in fireworks and propellant powders. The results fairly agree with data obtained by ion chromatography.

Highlights

Perchlorate ions can be found due to either natural processes or as a result of human activities.These ions are characterized by their high solubility, high salvation capacity, and high reduction potential in water
These results indicate that the introduction of ETH500/Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) between the ion-selective membrane (ISM) and electronic conductor substrate can effectively enhance the potential stability of all-solid-state
Simple and robust solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) has been proposed for perchlorate determination

Summary

Introduction

Perchlorate ions can be found due to either natural processes or as a result of human activities These ions are characterized by their high solubility, high salvation capacity, and high reduction potential in water. These properties make perchlorate ions both chemically stable and risky towards human health [1]. Perchlorate salts were integrated in industry as rocket solid propellants and military explosives They have been used as initiators, detonators, and blasting agents. Salts of perchlorate are used in the manufacturing of fireworks, flares, and coin-cell batteries They can be used as an automobile airbag initiator, in pyrotechnic devices, finishing leather, and in electronic tubes [3]

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Results

Conclusion