Abstract
Background: In clinical practice, Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is standard of care for patients of gastrointestinal tract disorders. TPN therapy is associated with a number of adverse effects like hepatobiliary dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and oxidative stress. Different vegetable oils are used by every individual daily in routine life. Objective: This study assessed the magnitude of TPN-associated adverse effects in animals fed on different vegetable oils. Methods: Healthy adult rabbits of local strain were divided into 5 groups (n= 8). The study was divided into 2 phases. Phase I: oil feeding; the first set of rabbits served as control and fed on a normal rabbit diet. Four sets of rabbits were treated for 16 weeks with 1 ml/kg/day of single time heated olive (STH-OO), canola (STH-CO), sunflower oils (STH-SO) or a mixture of these oils (STH-MVO). In phase II: TPN was given to each group, including the control group, for 2 weeks. Before and after TPN therapy, body and liver weights were measured. Plasma lipid profile [triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, very-low-density lipoproteins], liver function marker [total-protein, albumin, total and direct bilirubin, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and alkaline phosphatase], oxidative stress and tissue damage parameters [malondialdehyde, C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, and creatine phosphokinase] of all the groups weremeasured at the end of TPN therapy. Results: Significantly (p <0.05) elevated hepatic enzymes, oxidative stress and tissue damage markers along with dyslipidemia were observed in STH-MVO and STH-SO fed groups, in comparison to control. In STH-OO and STH-CO groups, all these parameters were insignificantly different than control after 2 weeks of TPN therapy. The higher plasma levels of, High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL), total protein and albumin and reduced Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, were observed in STH-OO and STH-CO groups than the control. Conclusion: This study recommends that high monounsaturated fatty acids containing oils like olive and canola oils, are found to have strong resistance against the hepatic injury and lipid peroxidation. The study also recommends taking the history of oil use by an individual before the initiation of therapeutic agents with known side effects of hepatic toxicity and dyslipidemia.
Highlights
In clinical practice, Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is standard of care for patients of gastrointestinal tract disorders
Significantly (p
In single time heated olive oil (STH-OO) and STH-CO groups, all these parameters were insignificantly different than control after 2 weeks of TPN therapy
Summary
Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is standard of care for patients of gastrointestinal tract disorders. Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN) is a lifesaving modality by preventing and curing the nutritional deficiencies in individuals with gastrointestinal tract disorders [1]. Hepatobiliary dysfunction, cirrhosis, and hepatic failure are wellknown TPN associated complications. A study has reported TPN-induced classical picture of cholestasis, fibrosis, and portal inflammation [2]. These hepatobiliary changes are mostly multifactorial and mainly due to the exclusion of enteral. Exposure of different environmental toxins and xenobiotics, such as acetaminophen, thioacetamide, Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4), and alcohol harm the liver by generating Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) [12]. Liver damage is produced by deadly chemicals, drugs, and viral infections [13]
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