Single-source thermal deposition of (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13 perovskite for a novel SnO2NRs/comp-TiO2@ irradiated-ITO based 2D/3D perovskite solar cell: Comparative study of irradiated ITO layer and its effect on device performance

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells have achieved very good efficiency but their stability is still a big issue. To achieve an efficient a stable perovskite solar cell; a new simple single source thermal evaporation approach has been used to deposit 2D/3D (BA)2(MA)3Pb4I13 perovskite active layer, for realization of novel architecture of stable perovskite solar cell. Bi ions irradiated ITO electrode, coated with compact TiO2 and SnO2 nano-rods (NRs) layers, has been used as ETL. A unique approach is adopted to deliberately place SnO2 NRs horizontally on the surface comp-TiO2 coated irradiated ITO. Four, SnO2NRs/comp-TiO2@ irradiated-ITO based 2D/3D perovskite devices, have been fabricated with 1.2 GeV Bi ions irradiated ITO, at four different fluences (1.3 × 1011, 6.5 × 1011, 1.3 × 1012 and 2.6 × 1012 ions/cm2). Nano-hillocks formed by irradiation proved to contribute for the better performance to a certain point. It was found that the choice of using horizontally place SnO2-NRs in ETL contributed for better performance and stability of proposed device. Among four fabricated devices highest efficiency of 13.6 % is obtained for ITO irradiated with 1.3 × 1012 ions/cm2 fluence which is very encouraging for 2D/3D hybrid perovskite based solar cells in addition to improved performance all the devices showed good stability.