Abstract
Blood testing has been used as an essential tool to diagnose diseases for decades. Recently, there has been a rapid developing trend in using Quantitative Phase Imaging (QPI) methods for blood cell screening. Compared to traditional blood testing techniques, QPI has the advantage of avoiding dyeing or staining the specimen, which may cause damage to the cells. However, most existing systems are bulky and costly, requiring experienced personnel to operate. This work demonstrates the integration of one QPI method onto a smartphone platform and the application of imaging red blood cells. The adopted QPI method is based on solving the Intensity Transport Equation (ITE) from two de-focused pupil images taken in one shot by the smartphone camera. The device demonstrates a system resolution of about 1 μm, and is ready to be used for 3D morphological study of red blood cells.
Highlights
Blood sample test and analysis plays an extremely important role in diagnosis of many diseases
A concave wavefront, i.e. converging beam, will induce an intensity increase along the propagation direction; while a convex wavefront, i.e. diverging beam, will lead to an intensity decrease along the propagation direction. This property can be described by the Intensity Transport Equation (ITE) [34]: Àk where I is the local intensity, k is the wavenumber and W is the wavefront surface in the unit of length
The result generated from solving ITE is the phase profile across the scene
Summary
Blood sample test and analysis plays an extremely important role in diagnosis of many diseases. Conventional blood testing technologies usually rely on large-scale, heavy-duty and expensive optical instruments, as well as trained physicians to operate them. In many developing countries and rural areas, it is very common that the absence of both the equipment and well-trained expertise limits the availability of blood tests. Even in more developed areas, blood tests are prevented from the general public’s daily usage for healthcare purposes. More compact, easy-to-use and cost-effective devices are highly desirable. These devices could be a solution to the emerging needs of blood tests in less developed areas of the world, or as point-of-care systems to perform rapid tests for patients who live in more developed regions
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