Abstract
Single-pixel imaging technology is an attractive technology considering the increasing demand of imagers that can operate in wavelengths where traditional cameras have limited efficiency. Meanwhile, the miniaturization of imaging systems is also desired to build affordable and portable devices for field applications. Therefore, single-pixel imaging systems based on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) is an effective solution to develop truly miniaturized imagers, owing to their ability to integrate multiple functionalities within a small device. MEMS-based single-pixel imaging systems have mainly been explored in two research directions, namely the encoding-based approach and the scanning-based approach. The scanning method utilizes a variety of MEMS scanners to scan the target scenery and has potential applications in the biological imaging field. The encoding-based system typically employs MEMS modulators and a single-pixel detector to encode the light intensities of the scenery, and the images are constructed by harvesting the power of computational technology. This has the capability to capture non-visible images and 3D images. Thus, this review discusses the two approaches in detail, and their applications are also reviewed to evaluate the efficiency and advantages in various fields.
Highlights
In conventional imaging systems, the scenery is usually focused by camera lenses onto a focal plane where it is captured by a pixel array detector
Since this paper focuses on these single-pixel imaging systems using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology, it is noticed that there are two main types of MEMS modulators that have mainly been explored in single-pixel imaging systems, namely digital micromirror devices (DMDs) and liquid crystals on silicon (LCOS), respectively
Considering that current cameras efficiently work at the visible range with satisfactory pixel resolution and low computational overhead, we mainly focus on the applications of the MEMS encoding imager in these scenarios where the traditional cameras have limited efficiency, or the detector array based imagers are costly
Summary
The scenery is usually focused by camera lenses onto a focal plane where it is captured by a pixel array detector. It is noticed that there is increasing demand for imaging systems that can operate at wavelengths unavailable for silicon-based sensors to meet different sensing applications, such as far-infrared and deep ultraviolet sensing Sensor arrays in these operating ranges are either expensive or unavailable; single-pixel imaging (SPI) technology provides an alternative method to construct an imager with just one single-pixel detector in these cases. Modern scanning imagers are typically established with various scanning devices to direct the light from the scenery onto a single-pixel photodetector, and each pixel of the scenery is separately scanned and recorded at each scanning step This type of imager is commonly applied in imaging where the operating wavelengths cannot be sensed efficiently by silicon-based sensor arrays, where its performance may be affected when the light intensity from each pixel is too weak to be efficiently detected, for example in long-range imaging. The potential of this technology is described in this paper considering its latest imaging applications, such as 3D imaging
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