Abstract
The single-phase-to-earth fault (SPTEF) current is weak in neutral ineffectively grounded systems. High fault impedance, noise and arc impair the fault feature, which increases the difficulty of faulty feeder detection. Based on the propagation characteristics of zero-mode transients (ZTs), this paper proposes a faulty feeder detection criterion by utilizing the amplitude information of the ZTs captured at both terminals. To conduct the criterion, the historical data of the ZTs recorded at both terminals of each feeder with a bus fault is collected. The standard amplitude ratios of the frequency components in the ZTs of each feeder are extracted by S-transform. After a SPTEF is detected in the system, the actual amplitude ratios of the ZTs are calculated and compared with the standard ones. Theoretical analysis and simulation indicate that the maximum ratio between the standard and actual ratios corresponds to the faulty feeder. In implementation of the criterion, both high sampling frequency and accurate synchronization are not required. A 10kV single-end radial distribution network is constructed by PSCAD/EMTDC. Various fault simulations are carried out and the calculation results demonstrate that the proposed criterion has high reliability and is not affected by neutral grounding mode, fault initial condition, high impedance fault (HIF) and noise.
Highlights
Fast and reliable fault detection has become a fundamental requirement of modern distribution network [1]
Different from the active methods, the realtime measurements are utilized in the passive methods to achieve online faulty feeder detection, which leads to the promising applications of these methods
This paper constructs a novel and reliable faulty feeder detection criterion by using the amplitude ratio of the zero-mode transients (ZTs) measured at both terminals of each feeder
Summary
Fast and reliable fault detection has become a fundamental requirement of modern distribution network [1]. The steady-state methods have clear physical meaning, which makes them easy to be applied in actual field They may be susceptible to the fault conditions, such as feeder parameters, fault resistances, neutral grounding modes, etc. When a SPTEF occurs in a distribution feeder, the fault transient components, whose amplitudes can be as several or dozens times of those of the steady-state ones, contain abundant and useful fault information [10]. Many faulty feeder detection methods have been proposed, some of them may require additional equipment [2]–[4], some of them do not consider the arc faults [5], [7], [10], [13], [19], some of them [6]–[11], [15]–[20] are susceptible to strong noise interference, and some others [21], [22] need substantial training samples. Accurate synchronization and high sampling frequency are not required
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