Single noble metal atoms doped 2D materials for catalysis

Abstract

Single atoms loaded on two-dimensional materials (SA@2DMs) have been broadly explored recently in the field of catalysis. Compared with conventional supports, 2D materials with large surface areas, unique geometric structure, and electronic properties can boost the catalytic performances of anchored single noble atoms (SNAs). Meanwhile, the monodispersed atoms not only show much higher atom utilization, than their bulk or nanoparticle counterparts, but also provide an alternative reaction pathway with excellent activity and selectivity. However, the combination of a 2D material with single atoms still comes across some challenges, such as low mass loading, difficulty in anchoring the single atoms on the 2D substrates, and difficulty in mass production. In this review, single noble-metal atoms based on two-dimensional materials (SNA@2DM) are critically discussed. First, SNA@2DMs are generally introduced, including their definition, characterization, and their importance and advantages in catalysis. Then, the recent progress in using the SNA@2DMs for the photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and thermocatalytic reactions is thoroughly reviewed and critically discussed. The superiority and the disadvantages of SNA@2DMs in each catalytic reaction are also considered. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities in the synthesis and applications of SNA@2DM are clearly highlighted.