Abstract
The lens is a complex optical component of the human eye because of its physiological structure: the surface is aspherical and the structural entities create a gradient refractive index (GRIN). Most existent models of the lens deal with its external shape independently of the refractive index and, subsequently, through optimization processes, adjust the imaging properties. In this paper, we propose a physiologically realistic GRIN model of the lens based on a single function for the whole lens that accurately describes different accommodative states simultaneously providing the corresponding refractive index distribution and the external shape of the lens by changing a single parameter that we associate with the function of the ciliary body. This simple, but highly accurate model, is incorporated into a schematic eye constructed with reported experimental biometric data and accommodation is simulated over a range of 0 to 6 diopters to select the optimum levels of image quality. Changes with accommodation in equatorial and total axial lens thicknesses, as well as aberrations, are found to lie within reported biometric data ranges.
Highlights
In spite of the apparent simplicity of the human eye, which incorporates two lenses, it is an optical system with extraordinary complexity
We present an accurate accommodative crystalline lens model with a single gradient index (GRIN) function that delivers the GRIN distribution and external shape of the capsule, both of which are in good agreement with recently published biometrical data [47]
For this reason we propose that the dynamics of the ciliary body can be represented by the changes of the parameter m, which parametrizes the function of the ciliary body
Summary
In spite of the apparent simplicity of the human eye, which incorporates two lenses, it is an optical system with extraordinary complexity. We present an accurate accommodative crystalline lens model with a single GRIN function that delivers the GRIN distribution and external shape of the capsule, both of which are in good agreement with recently published biometrical data [47] With this lens model we constructed a schematic eye for which, with the exception of one, the parameters of the GRIN function were obtained through an optimization process to model a 26-year-old eye. By changing the value of that parameter, the accommodative process can be modelled It simultaneously provides the continuous changes in the geometry of the anterior and posterior aspheric faces of the lens capsule and of the internal GRIN distribution in order to enable focusing over a wide range of object distances while maintaining constancy of the image distance, as occurs in the human eye. Construction of the Poisson-Gauss function as a dynamic 3D model for the human crystalline lens
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