Abstract
ABSTRACTThe neonatal period is a crucial time during development of the mammalian small intestine. Moreover, neonatal development and maturation of the small intestine are exceptionally important for early growth, successful weaning, and postweaning growth and development, in order to achieve species-specific milestones. Although several publications recently characterized intestinal epithelial cell diversity at the single-cell level, it remains unclear how differentiation and molecular interactions take place between types and subtypes of epithelial cells during the neonatal period. A single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) survey of 40,186 ileal epithelial cells and proteomics analysis of ileal samples at 6 time points in the swine neonatal period were performed. The results revealed previously unknown developmental changes: specific increases in undifferentiated cells, unique enterocyte differentiation, and time-dependent reduction in secretory cells. Moreover, we observed specific transcriptional factors, ligand-receptor pairs, G protein-coupled receptors, transforming growth factor β, bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways, and gut mucosal microbiota playing vital roles in ileal development during the neonatal window. This work offers new comprehensive information regarding ileal development throughout the neonatal period. Reference to this data set may assist in the creation of novel interventions for inflammation-, metabolism-, and proliferation-related gut pathologies.IMPORTANCE We found previously unknown neonatal ileum developmental potentials: specific increases in undifferentiated cells, unique enterocyte differentiation, and time dependent reduction in secretory cells. Specific transcriptional factors (TFs), ligand-receptor pairs, G protein-coupled receptors, transforming growth factor β, bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways, and the gut mucosal microbiota are involved in this process. Our results may assist in the creation of novel interventions for inflammation-, metabolism-, and proliferation-related gut pathologies.
Highlights
The neonatal period is a crucial time during development of the mammalian small intestine
We explored piglet ileal development during the neonatal developmental window using scRNA-seq and proteomics (Fig. 1a)
Ileal development during the neonatal window was reflected by the proportion of the different clusters of cells at different times (Fig. 1e and f)
Summary
The neonatal period is a crucial time during development of the mammalian small intestine. The results revealed previously unknown developmental changes: specific increases in undifferentiated cells, unique enterocyte differentiation, and time-dependent reduction in secretory cells. We observed specific transcriptional factors, ligand-receptor pairs, G protein-coupled receptors, transforming growth factor b, bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways, and gut mucosal microbiota playing vital roles in ileal development during the neonatal window. This work offers new comprehensive information regarding ileal development throughout the neonatal period Reference to this data set may assist in the creation of novel interventions for inflammation-, metabolism-, and proliferation-related gut pathologies. IMPORTANCE We found previously unknown neonatal ileum developmental potentials: specific increases in undifferentiated cells, unique enterocyte differentiation, and time dependent reduction in secretory cells. Specific transcriptional factors (TFs), ligand-receptor pairs, G protein-coupled receptors, transforming growth factor b, bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways, and the gut mucosal microbiota are involved in this process. Neonatal ileum development is in a special pattern with different kinds of cells growing in different ways to mature for the new life
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