Abstract
Single-atom catalysts anchoring offers a desirable pathway for efficiency maximization and cost-saving for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. However, the single-atoms loading amount is always within 0.5% in most of the reported due to the agglomeration at higher loading concentrations. In this work, the highly dispersed and large loading amount (>1 wt%) of copper single-atoms were achieved on TiO2, exhibiting the H2 evolution rate of 101.7 mmol g−1 h−1 under simulated solar light irradiation, which is higher than other photocatalysts reported, in addition to the excellent stability as proved after storing 380 days. More importantly, it exhibits an apparent quantum efficiency of 56% at 365 nm, a significant breakthrough in this field. The highly dispersed and large amount of Cu single-atoms incorporation on TiO2 enables the efficient electron transfer via Cu2+-Cu+ process. The present approach paves the way to design advanced materials for remarkable photocatalytic activity and durability.
Highlights
Single-atom catalysts anchoring offers a desirable pathway for efficiency maximization and cost-saving for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Noble metals such as Pt, Au, and Pd are commonly used as cocatalysts in photocatalysis due to their low activation energy and efficient charge separation
The -changed valence states of Cu nanoparticles have been a promising candidate for efficient charge separation and transfer, leading to higher catalytic performance compared to even noble metal loaded TiO2 samples[24,25,26,27]
Summary
Single-atom catalysts anchoring offers a desirable pathway for efficiency maximization and cost-saving for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. The AQE results of CuSA-TiO2 under different wavelength light irradiation (365 nm, 385 nm, 420 nm, and 520 nm) are shown in Supplementary Fig. 1a. The AQE measurement using different amounts of the photocatalyst was carried out, indicating the CuSA-TiO2 mass can affect AQE (Supplementary Fig. 1b).
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