Abstract
BackgroundSarcopenia, the decline of skeletal muscle tissue attributed to primary aging is a major concern in older adults. Flavonoids might have potential benefits by modulating the regulation of satellite cells, thus preventing muscle loss. Sinensetin (SIN), a citrus methylated flavone with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity, can enhance lipolysis. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether SIN might have sarcopenia-suppressing effect on satellite cells from thigh and calf muscle tissues of young and old rats.MethodsPrimary muscle cells were obtained from thigh and calf tissues of young and old group rats by dissection. Obtained satellite cells were incubated with indicated concentrations of SIN (50 and 100 μM) treated and untreated condition in differentiation medium. Morphological changes of cells were examined using a phase-contrast microscope. Protein expression levels of myoD and myogenin were analyzed by Western blot. Cells treated with or without SIN under differentiation condition were also immunocytochemically stained for myogenin and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI).ResultsMorphologically, the differentiation extracted satellite cells was found to be more evident in SIN treated group of aged rat′s cells than that in SIN untreated group. Expression levels of myoD and myogenin proteins involved in myogenesis were increased upon treatment with SIN.ConclusionsCollectively, our results indicate that SIN can alleviate age-related sarcopenia by increasing differentiation rate and protein levels of myoD and myogenin.
Highlights
Sarcopenia, the decline of skeletal muscle tissue attributed to primary aging is a major concern in older adults
Previous reports have suggested that the primary arbitrator of skeletal muscle depleting is systemic inflammation that occurs in accordance with diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), and cancer [7]
Aging is generally associated with a chronic state of slightly elevated plasma levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) [8]
Summary
Sarcopenia, the decline of skeletal muscle tissue attributed to primary aging is a major concern in older adults. The process of aging is associated with a continues loss of muscle mass and strength leading to a condition known as sarcopenia in human and animal models [1]. Sarcopenia is one of age-related syndromes encompassing muscle loss related to impaired mobility, chronic disease, and malnutrition. It is a condition caused by devaluation of muscle fiber satellite cells and portrayed by atrophy of type II muscle fibers with aging. Chronic inflammation results in loss of muscle strength, reduction of muscle mass, and poor functionality. It affects both muscle synthesis and breakdown of proteins through several signaling pathways, leading to sarcopenia. Aging is generally associated with a chronic state of slightly elevated plasma levels of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF-α) [8]
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