Simvastatin and biphasic calcium phosphate affects bone formation in critical-sized rat calvarial defects.

Washington Macedo De Santana,Wagner Rodrigues Duarte,Vania Maria Ferreira,Dircilei Nascimento De Sousa

doi:10.1590/s0102-865020160050000002

Washington Macedo De Santana, Wagner Rodrigues Duarte + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0102-865020160050000002

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Abstract

To investigate the effects of locally applied simvastatin plus biphasic calcium phosphate (BoneCeramic(r)) or collagen sponge on bone formation in critical-sized bone defects. Thirty defects of 5mm in diameter were created bilaterally with a trephine bur in the calvariae of fifteen Wistar rats. The defects were divided into five groups: group 1 - control, no treatment; group 2 (BoneCeramic(r)); group 3 (BoneCeramic(r) + 0.1mg simvastatin); group 4 (collagen sponge); and group 5 (collagen sponge + 0.1mg simvastatin). After eight weeks the animals were euthanized and their calvariae were histologically processed. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were subjected to histological and histomorphometrical analyses. The area of newly formed bone was calculated and compared between groups. The greater amount of a bone-like tissue was formed around the carrier in group 3 (BoneCeramic(r) + 0.1mg simvastatin) followed by group 2 (BoneCeramic(r)), and almost no bone was formed in the other groups. Group 3 was significantly different compared to group 2, and both groups were significantly different compared to the other groups. Simvastatin combined with BoneCeramic(r) induced significantly greater amounts of newly formed bone and has great potential for the healing of bone defects.

Highlights

Important structural changes on bone such as reduction on bone height and width occur as a consequence of periodontal disease and tooth extraction
Autogenous bone grafts have a few disadvantages such as its resorption potential and the need for a donor area as a second surgical site which may be limited in certain clinical situations[5]
Among the several calcium phosphate materials reported in the literature, Straumann BoneCeramic®, a biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP), is a totally synthetic material composed of 60% hidroxyapatite (HA) and 40% β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)[8]

Summary

Introduction

Important structural changes on bone such as reduction on bone height and width occur as a consequence of periodontal disease and tooth extraction Such bone changes may compromise the functional and esthetic oral rehabilitation of the patients and require bone grafting procedures[1,2]. Autogenous bone is an osteogenic, osteoinductive and osteoconductive material that has been considered the gold standard material for bone graft. It is totally biocompatible and rich on factors essential for osteoblast differentiation such as bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), especially BMP-2 which is a potent bone inductive growth factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which has angiogenic property[3,4]. Several recent reports have pointed out to the fact that the use of biologically active molecules with osteoinductive activity could be associated with scaffolds used in bone defects, resulting in osteoconductive and osteoinductive bone substitute materials[12]

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