Abstract
The problem of the optimal operation of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in AC grids is addressed in this paper from the point of view of multi-objective optimization. A nonlinear programming (NLP) model is presented to minimize the total emissions of contaminant gasses to the atmosphere and costs of daily energy losses simultaneously, considering the AC grid complete model. The BESSs are modeled with their linear relation between the state-of-charge and the active power injection/absorption. The Pareto front for the multi-objective optimization NLP model is reached through the general algebraic modeling system, i.e., GAMS, implementing the pondered optimization approach using weighting factors for each objective function. Numerical results in the IEEE 33-bus and IEEE 69-node test feeders demonstrate the multi-objective nature of this optimization problem and the multiple possibilities that allow the grid operators to carry out an efficient operation of their distribution networks when BESS and renewable energy resources are introduced.
Highlights
The problem of the optimal operation of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in electrical distribution has attracted much interest in the last two decades due to the advances in energy storage and power electronic converter technologies [1,2,3]
The set of constraints associated with the operation of the BESS in electrical AC grids is composed of two main subsets, which are associated with the conventional power flow equations and the battery operation characteristics
We studied the problem of operation of a BESS in radial AC grids from the multiobjective point of view, considering the simultaneous minimization of CO2 emissions and the costs of the daily energy losses
Summary
The problem of the optimal operation of battery energy storage systems (BESSs) in electrical distribution has attracted much interest in the last two decades due to the advances in energy storage and power electronic converter technologies [1,2,3]. The multi-objective formulation of the problem regarding the optimal operation of BESS in AC radial distribution networks using the branch optimal power flow representation, considering the simultaneous minimization of the CO2 gas emissions and the costs of the daily energy losses, is presented. It is worth mentioning that the scope of this research is focused on the evaluation of different operative scenarios for multi-objective operation of BESSs in radial distribution networks, considering the linear representation of the state-of-charge in batteries and the amount of active power injected (or absorbed) to (or from) the grid, combined with the branch optimal power flow formulation, which has clearly not been proposed in the existing literature.
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