Simultaneous enhancement of recoverable energy density and efficiency of lead-free relaxor-ferroelectric BNT-based ceramics

Abstract

Given the remarkable performances of Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) type oxides in electronic devices, the study of their intrinsic dielectric, magnetic and electromagnetic microwave (EMW) absorption properties are still missing. Herein, two kinds of Lead-free relaxor-ferroelectric BNT-based ceramic hierarchical polycrystalline alloys (La3Ni2O7/LaNiO3, La2NiO4/La2O3) were prepared via a facile solvothermal and high-temperature annealing technique as high-performance EMW absorption materials (MAMs). By a means of adjustment of solvothermal time in the precursor systems, Nickel salt layers precipitation declined gradually. The phase and crystal state of the powders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) with refinement treatment (Rietveld analysis). XPS was utilized on the determination of interstitial O2– quantitatively in La3Ni2O7+δ (δ = 1.95) and La2NiO4+δ (δ = 0.75). Responsible to the synergistic effect of dielectric and magnetic response and well-matched impedance, the as-fabricated MAMs performed excellent wave absorbability, especially in low frequency (S-band). In details, La3Ni2O7/LaNiO3 achieved optimal effective absorption band (fE) 3.36 GHz at 9.52–12.80 GHz and a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) −43.30 dB with a thickness of 2.2 mm. Moreover, La3Ni2O7/LaNiO3 and La2NiO4/La2O3 overcame the challenge of absorbers’ thickness in S-band, of which the RL reached –22.63 and −29.90 dB at 0.7 mm, respectively. Noteworthily, La3Ni2O7/LaNiO3 obtained RL value of −50.06 dB at 10.72 GHz with a device thickness of 2.8 mm. It is emphasized that this report has interpreted the EMW absorption capacity and mechanism exhaustively, which will initiate simultaneous enhancement of recoverable energy density and efficiency application of RPs.