Abstract
BackgroundTylosin and Josamycin are macrolide antibiotics. They are used in the treatment of pneumonia, arthritis and mastitis in cattle, and mycoplasma infections in poultry. The incorrect use of antibiotics has lead to the presence of antibiotic residues in foods. The residues cause toxic effects on consumers.ResultsA simple and sensitive method was optimized and validated for the analysis of tylosin and josamycin residues in food samples. Analytical separation was performed in less than 10 min using a RP C18 monolithic column with time-programmed UV detection at 287 nm and 232 nm and a micellar solution of 0.17 M sodium dodecyl sulphate, 14% methanol and 0.3% triethylamine in 0.02 M phosphoric acid buffered at pH 4 as the mobile phase. The method was fully validated in accordance with ICH guidelines. The micellar method was successfully applied to quantitatively determine tylosin and josamycin residues in spiked chicken muscles, chicken liver, bovine muscles, liver, milk and eggs. It was also extended to the determination of tylosin and josamycin residues in chicken-based baby food and baby formulae. The compounds were separated by a monolithic column which, on account of its particular structure, could bear higher flow rates than usually found for this kind of analysis. High extraction efficiency for tylosin and josamycin was obtained without matrix interference in the extraction process and in the subsequent chromatographic determination. No organic solvent was used during the pretreatment step. Hence, it is considered an interesting technique for “green” chemistry.ConclusionThe proposed method was validated and successfully applied for the determination of tylosin and josamycin residues in spiked chicken muscles, chicken liver, bovine muscles, liver, milk and eggs. It was also extended to the determination of tylosin and josamycin residues in chicken-based baby food and baby formulae.
Highlights
The present study describes, for the first time, a rapid, simple, sensitive and selective Micellar liquid chromatography (MLC)–monolithic method with UV detection for the simultaneous determination of TS and JM residues in chicken muscles, chicken liver, bovine meat, liver, eggs and milk
The proposed method permits the quantitation of TS and JM in raw materials, in chicken muscles, chicken liver, bovine meat, liver and eggs
The proposed procedure is useful for food quality testing and control areas to determine the content of TS and JM in chicken muscles, liver, bovine muscles, liver, milk and egg samples
Summary
They are used in the treatment of pneumonia, arthritis and mastitis in cattle, and mycoplasma infections in poultry. Macrolide antibiotics are a very important class of antibacterial compounds widely used in human and veterinary practices for both therapeutic and prophylactic treatments [1]. They are active agents against Grampositive and some Gram-negative bacteria [2]. Tylosin (TS) and josamycin (JM) (Figure 1) belong to the class of 16-membered macrolide antibiotics [4] They are used in the treatment of pneumonia, arthritis and mastitis in cattle, and mycoplasma infections in poultry [5,6]. Simple and reliable analytical methods are required to monitor these drug residues in edible tissues of livestock animals
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