Simultaneous determination of five penicillins in milk using a new ionic liquid-modified magnetic nanoparticle based dispersive micro-solid phase extraction followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

As a highly efficient adsorbent, the DABCO-based ionic liquid modified Fe3O4 nanoparticles ([DABCO–C3OH]Cl@MNPs) has been successfully synthesized for the first time. The structure of nanoparticles was characterized by Field emission-scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, and Zeta potential analysis. The modified magnetic nanoparticles were applied as a new sorbent for the enrichment of five penicillins in different milk samples by using for the dispersive micro-solid phase extraction method. The extracted penicillins, i.e., ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin, oxacillin, and cloxacillin, were subsequently analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Important factors associated with the extraction and desorption efficiency were optimized by the univariate method and response surface methodology. The proposed method was validated according to the recommendations of the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guideline. Excellent linearity ranges were obtained with correlation coefficients over 0.998, and the relative standard deviation values for the intra-day and inter-day precision were less than 5.8% with the extraction recoveries ranged from 87% to 107%. The limits of detection for the established method were found to be 0.03–0.20 µg kg−1. The originally established pretreatment and detection method has some merits, such as less solvent consumption, higher sensitivity, lower matrix effect, and easy operation. And the [DABCO–C3OH]Cl@MNPs exhibited potential as an efficient adsorbent in the extraction of the analytes from dairy products.