Metal Organic Framework-Based Dispersive Solid-Phase Microextraction of Carbaryl from Food and Water Prior to Detection by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Mohamed A Habila,Ayman A Ghfar,Zeid A Alothman,Bushra Alhenaki,Mustafa Soylak,Adel El-Marghany,Mohamed Sheikh

doi:10.3390/separations9020032

Abstract

In this work, metal organic frameworks (A100 Al-based MOFs) were used in dispersive solid-phase microextraction (DSPME) for the isolation and preconcentration of the carbaryl from vegetable, fruit and water samples. The A100 Al-based MOFs showed excellent behavior for the adsorption of carbaryl from a water–ethanol solution; additionally, carbaryl was easily desorbed with ethyl acetate for detection by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-TMS). The analytical process of DSPME together with UPLC-TMS provides the accurate monitoring of trace carbaryl residues. The results show that the optimal recovery% of carbaryl was obtained at a sample apparent pH of 5, with the application of 1 mL of ethyl acetate to elute the carbaryl from the A100 Al-based MOFs. The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.01 mg.L−1 and 0.03 mg.L−1, respectively. The RSD% was 0.8–1.9, and the preconcentration factor was 45. DSPME and UPLC-TMS were successfully used for the isolation and detection of carbaryl in food and water samples.

Highlights

Carbaryl is a pesticide that is classified as carcinogenic to the human body [1,2]. This pesticide contaminates the environment via its extensive use to reduce flies in agriculture, and the residues of carbaryl may be adsorbed to vegetables and fruits or leached into water, leading to human exposure [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]
It is reported that the maximum acceptable carbaryl concentration (MAC) in drinking water is 0.09 mg.L−1, while the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of carbaryl in drinking water has been established by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) as 0.01 mg.kg−1 bw/day [14]
The recovery% of carbaryl after the adsorption onto A100 Al-based MOFs dispersed in a water/ethanol solution during the solid-phase microextraction process was investigated and improved

Summary

Introduction

Carbaryl is a pesticide that is classified as carcinogenic to the human body [1,2]. This pesticide contaminates the environment via its extensive use to reduce flies in agriculture, and the residues of carbaryl may be adsorbed to vegetables and fruits or leached into water, leading to human exposure [3,4,5,6,7,8,9]. The permitted carbaryl limit in carrots and fruits is reported as 0.5 mg.kg−1 and 0.8 mg.kg−1, respectively, as stated by the Codex Alimentarius, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization [13]. It is reported that the maximum acceptable carbaryl concentration (MAC) in drinking water is 0.09 mg.L−1, while the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of carbaryl in drinking water has been established by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) as 0.01 mg.kg−1 bw/day [14]

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Results

Conclusion