Abstract
ABSTRACT Clavulanic acid enhances the antibacterial spectrum of amoxicillin by rendering most β-lactamase producing isolates susceptible to the drug. A fast, simple and efficient capillary electrophoresis method was developed for the simultaneous determination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid from complex mixtures. Using a 25 mM sodium tetraborate as background electrolyte at a pH of 9.30, + 25 kV applied voltage, 25 °C system temperature, UV determination at 230 nm; we succeeded in simultaneous separation of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in approximately 2 minutes. The analytical performance of the method was evaluated in terms of reproducibility, precision, accuracy, and linearity. The optimized analytical method was applied for the determination of the two analytes from combined commercial pharmaceutical preparations. This CE method is fast, inexpensive, efficient, and environmentally friendly when compared with the more frequently used high performance liquid chromatography methods described in the literature.
Highlights
Amoxicillin (AMX), (2S,5R,6R)-6-{[(2R)-2-amino2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-acetyl]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-24-carboxylic acid, is a β-lactam semisynthetic penicillin from the aminopenicillin class with a broad antibacterial spectrum, used to treat a large number of infections with susceptible Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
AMX is susceptible to degradation by β-lactamase producing bacteria, which are resistant to a narrow spectrum of β-lactam antibiotics, such as natural penicillins
In capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), the separation mechanism is based on differences in the charge-to-mass ratio of the analytes
Summary
Amoxicillin (AMX), (2S,5R,6R)-6-{[(2R)-2-amino2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-acetyl]amino}-3,3-dimethyl-7oxo-4-thia-1-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-24-carboxylic acid, is a β-lactam semisynthetic penicillin from the aminopenicillin class with a broad antibacterial spectrum, used to treat a large number of infections with susceptible Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is one of the most frequently prescribed penicillin derivatives within the class because it is better absorbed, following oral administration, than other β-lactam antibiotics (Block, Beale, 2011). Clavulanic acid (CLA), (2R,5R,S)-3-(2hydroxyethylidene)-7-oxo-4-oxa-1-aza-bicyclo[3.2.0] heptane-2-carboxylic acid, is an oxapenam derivative lacking the 6-acylamino side chain characteristic for penicillin derivatives, which exhibits very weak antibacterial activity, and, is not useful as an antibiotic It is used combined with penicillin group antibiotics to overcome resistance to bacteria that secrete β-lactamase. CLA can be described as a “suicide inhibitor”, covalently bonding to a serine residue in the active site of the β-lactamase (Block, Beale, 2011)
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