Abstract
In the present study, pilot simulations of the phenomena of blast wave and fireball generated by the rupture of a high-pressure (35 MPa) hydrogen tank (volume 72 L) due to fire were carried out. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model includes the realizable k-ε model for turbulence and the eddy dissipation model coupled with the one-step chemical reaction mechanism for combustion. The simulation results were compared with experimental data on a stand-alone hydrogen tank rupture in a bonfire test. The simulations provided insights into the interaction between the blast wave propagation and combustion process. The simulated blast wave decay is approximately identical to the experimental data concerning pressure at various distances. Fireball is first ignited at the ground level, which is considered to be due to stagnation flow conditions. Subsequently, the flame propagates toward the interface between hydrogen and air.
Highlights
The mainstream solution for on-board hydrogen storage in automotive applications is compressed gaseous hydrogen (CGH2) tanks composed of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) with either a plastic liner (Type 4) or aluminum liner (Type 3)
The consequences of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tank rupture have been investigated [1,2,3,4,5], few research has been conducted with regard to the hydrogen tank [6,7,8,9,10]
The blast wave and fireball formed after the high-pressure (35 MPa) hydrogen tank (72 L)
Summary
The mainstream solution for on-board hydrogen storage in automotive applications is compressed gaseous hydrogen (CGH2) tanks composed of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) with either a plastic liner (Type 4) or aluminum liner (Type 3). In the test with a Type 3 tank, which was installed under a vehicle, the blast wave overpressure registered during the experiment ranged from 140 kPa at 1.2 m to 12 kPa at 15 m, and the maximum fireball diameter was 24 m In this test, the projectiles were observed at distances up to 107 m. A methodology for the prediction of the decay of blast wave caused by high-pressure hydrogen tank rupture due to fire has been developed [10] This new model was applied as a safety engineering tool to analyze the consequences of catastrophic failure of onboard vehicle storage tanks and stand-alone tanks. The objective of this numerical study was to obtain insights into the blast wave and fireball phenomena as a consequence of high-pressure hydrogen storage tank rupture due to fire, and to compare simulation results with experimental results [6,7,8]
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