Abstract

 
 
 Climate change and its impact on already scarce water resources are of global importance, but even more so for water scarce countries. Apart from the effect of climate change on water supply, the chill unit requirement of deciduous fruit crops is also expected to be affected. Although research on crop water use has been undertaken, researchers have not taken the future climate into consideration. They also have focused on increasing temperatures but failed to relate temperature to chill unit accumulation, especially in South Africa. With a view of helping farmers to adapt to climate change, in this study we provide information that will assist farmers in their decision-making process for adaptation and in the selection of appropriate cultivars of deciduous fruits. Crop water use and chill unit requirements are modelled for the present and future climate. Results show that, irrespective of the irrigation system employed, climate change has led to increases in crop water use. Water use with the drip irrigation system was lower than with sprinkler irrigation as a result of efficiency differences in the irrigation technologies. It was also confirmed that the accumulated chill units will decrease in the future as a consequence of climate change. In order to remain in production, farmers need to adapt to climate change stress by putting in place water resources and crop management plans. Thus, producers must be furnished with a variety of adaptation or management strategies to overcome the impact of climate change.
 
 
 
 
 Significance: 
 
 
 
 Producers must closely monitor the usage of efficient irrigation technology.
 Climate adaptation needs to be anticipated years in advance and will require a transition to different crop species or cultivars or the development of management practices.
 The results of this study will guide producers in the selection of cultivars when re-establishing their orchards.
 
 
 
Highlights
Climate change and its impact on already scarce water resources are of global importance, but even more so for water scarce countries
With a view of helping farmers to adapt to climate change, in this study we provide information that will assist farmers in their decision-making process for adaptation and in the selection of appropriate cultivars of deciduous fruits
The aim of this study was to estimate the changes in crop water requirements as well as chill unit accumulation of deciduous fruit crops in a changing climate
Summary
Climate change and its impact on already scarce water resources are of global importance, but even more so for water scarce countries. The projected increase in temperature in certain regions of the world is anticipated to have an inevitable influence on water availability.[1] Changes in the supply of water will inevitably affect the availability of water for domestic use, agricultural production, and industrial use. The water demand pressure, driven by global temperature surges, population growth, degradation of water quality, lack of efficient water management and the like, accentuates water scarcity.[2] According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, by 2020, it is anticipated that about 250 million people will be exposed to water stress because of the changing climate. Combined with an increase in demand, the adverse effect on livelihoods and the aggravation of already existing population shifts, uneven wealth distribution and related problems can lead to a more complicated system
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