Abstract
The world is at the threshold of the fourth industrial revolution, which has already begun. It requires enterprises and even sectors to move toward Industry 4.0. Innovative systems (IS) play an important role in this process. In the article, the innovative systems in Industry 4.0 are considered to be complex systems whose components have a lot of tasks; in particular, to produce innovative policy; to provide the subjects of innovative activity with the necessary resources; to participate directly in the process of creation, commercialization, and the practical use of new knowledge; to implement integration approaches between these processes, etc. The complexity of the innovation system leads to the development of modern approaches to their modeling, as a tool for further designing, creating, and modifying real innovative systems of different levels of organization under the conditions of Industry 4.0. In the simulation of IS under the conditions of Industry 4.0, the description of the subsystems by a number of sets is proposed. The model is described by the graph of relationships, including the abstract level of the hierarchical model of IS, its elements, indicators and their values, functions, actions and operations, their states and efficiency, and the tree of goals. In order to make optimal solutions, using the mathematical apparatus of the theory of Markov chains to study the dynamic and static characteristics of the states of the IS is proposed. This approach can be widely used in the simulation, designing, development, and rebuilding of IS at different levels of an organization.
Highlights
The world is at the threshold of the fourth industrial revolution, which has already begun.This fact changes all enterprises, regardless of their sector of activity
Innovative economic systems are characterized by a set of interconnected structures involved in the production and commercialization of innovative products; they include, respectively, subsystems that produce innovative policies; aim to provide the subjects of innovative activity with the necessary resources; take part directly in the process of creating, commercializing, and practically using new knowledge; strengthen integration processes between systems of creation, transformation, and practical use of new knowledge under the conditions of globalization; carry out an analysis of international flows of knowledge; organize the export and import of technologies, patents, licenses, technological alliances between resident firms of different countries, international trade in consulting services, foreign direct investments, joint international innovation–investment projects, publications, etc
Between the given sets of the system model, there are the following types of relations: (E, Vj)—the relation of conformity, which corresponds to each element of Set E and some sampling from Vj; (Vj, Zj) is the relation of correspondence between the given index name and its specific values at Time t; (Zj, W) is the ratio that corresponds to each element of Set Zj—a subset of the values of elements of Set
Summary
The world is at the threshold of the fourth industrial revolution, which has already begun. This fact changes all enterprises, regardless of their sector of activity. Industry 4.0 significantly changes products and production systems concerning design, processes, operations, and services (Durana et al 2019). It comprises a variety of technologies to enable the development of the value chain, resulting in reduced manufacturing lead times as well as improved product quality and organizational performance (Kamble et al 2018). Most studies that discuss technical aspects, e.g., Dalenogare et al (2018), treat Industry 4.0 as a new industrial stage in which vertical and horizontal manufacturing process integration and product connectivity can help companies to achieve a higher level of industrial performance (Vochozka et al 2018; Stefanovic 2018)
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