Abstract
The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) will affect both electricity and transport systems and research is needed on finding possible ways to make a smooth transition to the electrification of the road transport. To fully understand the EV integration consequences, the behaviour of the EV drivers and its impact on these two systems should be studied. This paper describes an integrated simulation-based approach, modelling the EV and its interactions in both road transport and electric power systems. The main components of both systems have been considered, and the EV driver behaviour was modelled using a multi-agent simulation platform. Considering a fleet of 1000EV agents, two behavioural profiles were studied (Unaware/Aware) to model EV driver behaviour. The two behavioural profiles represent the EV driver in different stages of EV adoption starting with Unaware EV drivers when the public acceptance of EVs is limited, and developing to Aware EV drivers as the electrification of road transport is promoted in an overall context. The EV agents were modelled to follow a realistic activity-based trip pattern, and the impact of EV driver behaviour was simulated on a road transport and electricity grid. It was found that the EV agents’ behaviour has direct and indirect impact on both the road transport network and the electricity grid, affecting the traffic of the roads, the stress of the distribution network and the utilization of the charging infrastructure.
Highlights
Environmental and energy security reasons are setting Electric Vehicles (EVs) as a major part in the future road transport networks (Element Energy, 2013)
The main components of both networks were modelled in a multi-agent simulation platform to simulate the environment of the EV
Two realistic behavioural profiles (Unaware/Aware) were considered to describe the way an EV driver deals with the everyday challenges
Summary
Environmental and energy security reasons are setting Electric Vehicles (EVs) as a major part in the future road transport networks (Element Energy, 2013). Integration of EVs will affect the road transport networks due to their particular characteristics, such as the frequency and the time needed for recharging the EV battery. Due to the finite number of parking spaces in a city, especially in the city centre, the number of EVs that are charging at the same time is limited This will affect the road transport networks the daily travel patterns and the congestion parameters (Rodrigue et al, 2009). Due to limits in power capacity within an electricity network, it might not be possible to serve all EVs that want to recharge their batteries. The proposed simulation-based approach serves as an enabling technology in order to understand the EV driver behaviour and its impact on both the road transport and electric power system.
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