Simulation of collective flow of protons and deuterons in Au+Au collisions at Ebeam=1.23A GeV with the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model

Abstract

Collective flows of protons and deuterons for $\text{Au}+\text{Au}$ collisions at beam energy ${E}_{\text{beam}}=1.23A \mathrm{GeV}$ were simulated by an isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model. Two coalescence models, namely, naive coalescence and dynamical coalescence models, are compared for the formation of deuterons. After a reasonable agreement of the proton and deuteron rapidity spectra with the high acceptance dielectron spectrometer data is obtained, we apply an event-plane method to calculate the first four order collective flow coefficients and the ratios of $\ensuremath{\langle}{v}_{4}\ensuremath{\rangle}/{\ensuremath{\langle}{v}_{2}\ensuremath{\rangle}}^{2}$ and $\ensuremath{\langle}{v}_{3}\ensuremath{\rangle}/(\ensuremath{\langle}{v}_{1}\ensuremath{\rangle}\ensuremath{\langle}{v}_{2}\ensuremath{\rangle})$ and observe the scaling of the number of constituent nucleons between protons and deuterons. In addition, the dependence of ${\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{n}$ versus $\ensuremath{\langle}{v}_{n}\ensuremath{\rangle}$ and the ratio $\ensuremath{\langle}{v}_{n}\ensuremath{\rangle}/{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}_{n}$ on the centrality is obtained. Finally, the Pearson coefficients $\text{corr}({v}_{n},{v}_{m})$ between the first four harmonic flows for protons and deuterons are studied as a function of rapidity and centrality.