Abstract
Exploring the submarine landslide is challenging due to the invisibility nature and the complex soil-water interaction and large deformation throughout its runout process. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the ability of the coupled material point method (MPM) in modeling the soil flows under water. A sand-column collapse experiment is performed fully under water initially, with the results used to benchmark the MPM analysis. Thereafter, the whole failure process of a real submarine landslide in the South Mediterranean sea is simulated using MPM. The results show that MPM can be a reliable tool in capturing the postfailure behaviors of the submarine landslide. The failure mode of the landslide is flow-type, with an initial translational slide moving to a diffusive one eventually.
Highlights
Submarine landslides are the most common and frequent geological hazards in the ocean [1, 2]
Evolutions of sliding distance and velocity during a landslide runout process are necessary for disaster prevention and mitigation [12]. e mechanism of submarine landslides has been studied by a couple of scholars
In order to have a better understanding of the kinematics of submarine landslides, a real case of submarine escarpment failure in the Southern Mediterranean is selected in this study. e Mediterranean Sea is a land-locked basin that is called a “natural geological laboratory” due to a variety of sedimentary and tectonic environments coexisting in the same place
Summary
Submarine landslides are the most common and frequent geological hazards in the ocean [1, 2]. Whitman [15] classified submarine landslides into disintegrative and nondisintegrative failure, making a distinction between flows and less mobile types of landslides. Numerical methods permit a better assessment of submarine landslides [18, 19] Classical meshbased methods, such as the finite element method (FEM), are normally concerned about when the slide starts, but it is difficult to capture the whole runout process due to the potential severe mesh distortions in large deformations. Bandara and Soga [24] presented a fully coupled MPM formulation based on the mixture theory, where two sets of Lagrangian material points are utilized, representing the soil and water, respectively, and the progressive failure of a river levee was simulated. A series of parametric analyses are conducted as well in order to gain a better understanding of the influencing factors to the slide consequences
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