Abstract
To investigate the combustion characteristics in multi-point lean direct injection (LDI) combustors with hydrogen/air, two swirl–venturi 2 × 2 array four-point LDI combustors were designed. The four-point LDI combustor consists of injector assembly, swirl–venturi array and combustion chamber. The injector, swirler and venturi together govern the rapid mixing of hydrogen and air to form the mixture for combustion. Using clockwise swirlers and anticlockwise swirlers, the co-swirling and count-swirling swirler arrays LDI combustors were achieved. Using Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) code for steady-state reacting flow computations, the four-point LDI combustors with hydrogen/air were simulated with an 11 species and 23 lumped reaction steps H2/Air reaction mechanism. The axial velocity, turbulence kinetic energy, total pressure drop coefficient, outlet temperature, mass fraction of OH and emission of pollutant NO of four-point LDI combustors, with different equivalence ratios, are here presented and discussed. As the equivalence ratios increased, the total pressure drop coefficient became higher because of increasing heat loss. Increasing equivalence ratios also corresponded with the rise in outlet temperature of the four-point LDI combustors, as well as an increase in the emission index of NO EINO in the four-point LDI combustors. Along the axial distance, the EINO always increased and was at maximum at the exit of the dump. Along the chamber, the EINO gradually increased, maximizing at the exit of chamber. The total temperature of four-point LDI combustors with different equivalence ratios was identical to the theoretical equilibrium temperature. The EINO was an exponential function of the equivalence ratio.
Highlights
The atmospheric environment is becoming worse, and the environmental protection consciousness of people is stronger than ever
The total temperature of four-point lean direct injection (LDI) combustors with different equivalence ratios was identical to the theoretical equilibrium temperature
The pollutants produced by the combustion of hydrogen are lower and less damaging than those produced by the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels, hydrogen could be used as a novel, renewable and environmentally-friendly fuel
Summary
The atmospheric environment is becoming worse, and the environmental protection consciousness of people is stronger than ever. The LDI combustion concept has received considerable attention as an extremely promising technology that utilizes rapid mixing of fuel-air to produce lean combustible mixtures, as well as reduce NOX emissions from the gas turbine engine. The swirl–venturi four-point lean direct injection combustor with hydrogen/air is explored and the influence of key geometric, swirl–venturi array and equivalence ratio on reacting flow and emission production characteristics is discussed. The axial velocity, swirl number, velocity angle, effective area, total pressure drop coefficient, total temperature, mass fraction of OH and emission of pollutant NO of a hydrogen fuelled four-point LDI combustor, with different equivalence ratios, were achieved and discussed
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