Abstract
Limiting global temperature rise to well below 2 °C according to the Paris climate accord will require accelerated development, scale-up, and commercialization of innovative and environmentally friendly reactor concepts. Simulation-based design can play a central role in achieving this goal by decreasing the number of costly and time-consuming experimental scale-up steps. To illustrate this approach, a multiscale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach was utilized in this study to simulate a novel internally circulating fluidized bed reactor (ICR) for power production with integrated CO2 capture on an industrial scale. These simulations were made computationally feasible by using closures in a filtered two-fluid model (fTFM) to model the effects of important subgrid multiphase structures. The CFD simulations provided valuable insight regarding ICR behavior, predicting that CO2 capture efficiencies and purities above 95% can be achieved, and proposing a reasonable reactor size. The results from the reactor simulations were then used as input for an economic evaluation of an ICR-based natural gas combined cycle power plant. The economic performance results showed that the ICR plant can achieve a CO2 avoidance cost as low as $58/ton. Future work will investigate additional firing after the ICR to reach the high inlet temperatures of modern gas turbines.
Highlights
Several high-profile studies have shown that carbon capture and storage must play a central role in the future energy mix to reach the goal of limiting the global temperature increase to well belowMany different technologies have been proposed to capture CO2 from fossil-fuel power plants, after which the CO2 can either be stored or utilized in other industrial processes
The present study aimed to demonstrate how multiscale computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations can be used to assist the evaluation of novel reactor concepts on an industrial scale, focusing on an internally circulating the evaluation of novel reactor concepts on an industrial scale, focusing on an internally circulating fluidized bed reactor for power production with CO2 capture
The The present study utilizes bothboth multiscale reactor modeling andand process modeling to to inform present study utilizes multiscale reactor modeling process modeling inform theevaluation economic evaluation power production capture using the Figure the economic of power of production with COwith capture using the Figure shows shows how information flows between these three parts of the study, and the subsequent sections how information flows between these three parts of the study, and the subsequent sections describe each part in detail
Summary
Many different technologies have been proposed to capture CO2 from fossil-fuel power plants, after which the CO2 can either be stored or utilized in other industrial processes. A major challenge of such processes is the energy penalty associated with CO2 capture. An increased energy penalty requires more fuel to be used to achieve the same power output, increasing operating and capital costs, and increasing the amount of CO2 that must be dealt with. A promising group of technologies for capturing CO2 are those based on chemical looping combustion (CLC) [4], as they can essentially eliminate the energy penalty of CO2 and potentially even. The thermal energy in the gas phase is used for power production, whereas the hot particles are transported to the fuel reactor where the oxidized particles are reduced by a fuel, producing CO2 and steam. The CLC process keeps the CO2 stream separate from the nitrogen-containing air stream, allowing an almost pure CO2 stream for storage to be obtained by knocking out the water
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