Abstract
It is known that oil and its derivatives were the main energetics of the last century, although the fact that these inputs are finite and generate several pollutant harmful to human health and the environment. Economic and environmental aspects have contributed to the gradual disuse of fossil fuels and to the growth of research on renewable and clean energy, such as biodiesel, that has been gaining representativeness in the national and world market. Brazilian biodiesel production has been led by soybean oil for many years, then, aiming to make the simulation of the biodiesel plant closer to the brazilian reality (based on biodiesel process described by Zhang et al., 2003) the raw material (triolein) was changed to (trilinolein) through the use of the predictive methods of Constantinou e Gani (1994) and (1995) to estimate base and critical properties. Besides, a kinetic equation based on the experimental data of Noureddini and Zhu (1997) was proposed to represent the rate of soybean transesterification in function of temperature. Finally, optimization studies were made with the objective of maximizing biodiesel production; minimize the consumption of energy and inputs; outline great scenarios from the environmental perspective. The optimization results indicated that the temperature of the conversion reactor has a great influence on the biodiesel production due to the linear relationship. In addition, the change in the flow of water inserted in the liquid-liquid extractor is insignificant in view of the influence of the reactor temperature.It is known that oil and its derivatives were the main energetics of the last century, although the fact that these inputs are finite and generate several pollutant harmful to human health and the environment. Economic and environmental aspects have contributed to the gradual disuse of fossil fuels and to the growth of research on renewable and clean energy, such as biodiesel, that has been gaining representativeness in the national and world market. Brazilian biodiesel production has been led by soybean oil for many years, then, aiming to make the simulation of the biodiesel plant closer to the brazilian reality (based on biodiesel process described by Zhang et al., 2003) the raw material (triolein) was changed to (trilinolein) through the use of the predictive methods of Constantinou e Gani (1994) and (1995) to estimate base and critical properties. Besides, a kinetic equation based on the experimental data of Noureddini and Zhu (1997) was proposed to represent the rate of soybean transesterification in function of temperature. Finally, optimization studies were made with the objective of maximizing biodiesel production; minimize the consumption of energy and inputs; outline great scenarios from the environmental perspective. The optimization results indicated that the temperature of the conversion reactor has a great influence on the biodiesel production due to the linear relationship. In addition, the change in the flow of water inserted in the liquid-liquid extractor is insignificant in view of the influence of the reactor temperature.
Highlights
The advance of the automobile industry in the twentieth century raised oil and its derivatives to the level of the principal representative of the world energy matrix (FARIAS & SELITTO, 2011)
Economic and environmental aspects have contributed to the disuse of these fuels, such as the oil crises of 1973 and 1979 that caused an increase in the prices of barrels with consequent destabilization of the world economy (MME, 2017)
At the turn of the 21st century, a greater environmental awareness began, motivated by studies on the impacts of the anthropological action on the environment and on the effects that such actions would bring to the ecosystem as well as the quality of life of the generations (TESSMER, 2002)
Summary
The advance of the automobile industry in the twentieth century raised oil and its derivatives to the level of the principal representative of the world energy matrix (FARIAS & SELITTO, 2011). The main producers and consumers of biodiesel are the USA, Brazil and some European countries, according to the Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century (REN 21). Soybean oil is the most widely used crop in the world, especially in leading countries in biodiesel production. This is due to its largescale cultivation and the ability to adapt to different climates (ALVARÃES, 2017). Among the production routes of this biofuel, the one that involves the transesterification is the most used In this process, triglycerides present in the oil react with a short-chain alcohol (usually methanol or ethanol) in the presence. Several studies have been carried out to determine the kinetics of transesterification reactions between oils and alcohols.
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