Simulation and experimental research on energy management control strategy for fuel cell heavy-duty truck

Abstract

Energy Management Control Strategies (EMCS) play a significant role in improving the economy of Fuel Cell Heavy-duty Truck (FCHT). In this paper, a Single Fuzzy (S-Fuzzy) control strategy is introduced for the FCHT by considering the output characteristics of the fuel cell as well as the charging and discharging power characteristics of the power battery at the current state of charge (SOC). On this basis, the real-time difference between the current SOC and the target SOC of the power battery during the actual operation of the vehicle was further considered, the real-time correction coefficient of the fuel cell output power was introduced, and a Compound Fuzzy (C-Fuzzy) control strategy suitable for FCHT was developed. Meanwhile, the established vehicle model was verified dynamically and economically to ensure its accuracy, with the maximum speed error lower than 2%, the SOC error within 4.9%, and the relative dynamic simulation error of 1.3%. Utilizing co-simulation platforms Cruise and Matlab, the research demonstrates that the C-Fuzzy control strategy significantly outperforms the S-Fuzzy strategy, reducing Equivalent Hydrogen Consumption (EHC) by 1.63% under C-WTVC conditions and by 3.12% under CHTC-TT conditions. To counteract efficiency loss from fuel cell load fluctuations, a real-time EMCS based on C-Fuzzy control and multi-level power output was developed. Validated over a 122-km route, the real-time EMCS reduced the equivalent hydrogen consumption per 100 km of the FCHT to 10.14 kg, maintained the average fuel cell efficiency at 51.02%, and ensured stable SOC of the power battery within the predetermined target range.