Simulation analysis on the effect of graphene oxide as hole transporting layer in Cs2AuBiCl6 based double perovskite solar cell – SCAPS 1D approach

Abstract

In just 10 years, the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has improved tremendously. They are by far the most suitable candidates to address the energy crisis the world faces now but the presence of toxic lead (Pb) and the high rate of degradation on exposure to various conditions hinder their widespread use at the commercial level. To solve this, the scientific community has come up with Double Perovskites with a general molecular formula of A2BB'X6. In this study, we introduce a novel material Cs2AuBiCl6, a non-toxic and stable double perovskite. The Electron Transport Layer (ETL) and Hole Transporting Layer (HTL) also play key roles in the performance and stability of PSCs. In this article, numerical simulation of the PSCs is done with Graphene Oxide (GO) as HTL and ZnO, SnO2, WS2, CdS, CdZnS, PCBM, and TiO2 as ETLs. We investigate the performance of an ETL / Cs2AuBiCl6 / GO structure using the Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS-1D) software. The simulation of the device with different ETL was done and disregarding the toxic Cadmium containing compounds, TiO2 having maximum efficiency was fixed for further studies. The thickness was optimized at 1 μm for absorber and 0.1 μm for HTL. The device efficiency improved with increasing the shunt resistance to 50 Ω while it deteriorated with series resistance. Finally, all the output parameters declined with the rise in the operating temperature. The simulated results suggest that Cs2AuBiCl6 and GO can play significant roles in achieving non-toxic, high performance inorganic perovskite solar cells.