Abstract
We propose a mathematical model of the human cardiovascular system. The model allows one to simulate the main heart rate, its variability under the influence of the autonomic nervous system, breathing process, and oscillations of blood pressure. For the first time, the model takes into account the activity of the cerebral cortex structures that modulate the autonomic control loops of blood circulation in the awake state and in various stages of sleep. The adequacy of the model is demonstrated by comparing its time series with experimental records of healthy subjects in the SIESTA database. The proposed model can become a useful tool for studying the characteristics of the cardiovascular system dynamics during sleep.
Highlights
The study of the dynamics of the circulatory system during sleep attracts a lot of attention (de Zambotti et al, 2018; Tall and Jelic, 2019; Kontos et al, 2020; Nano et al, 2020)
The mathematical model was used to simulate the healthy subjects in the awake state, during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and stage 4 of nonREM sleep
PNEUMA is one of the most famous models that simulate the influence of higher nervous centers on the dynamics of autonomic control during sleep stages and awake state (Cheng et al, 2010)
Summary
The study of the dynamics of the circulatory system during sleep attracts a lot of attention (de Zambotti et al, 2018; Tall and Jelic, 2019; Kontos et al, 2020; Nano et al, 2020). It was shown that scaling properties of the cardiac dynamics are different during sleep and wake periods (Ivanov et al, 1999). Characteristics of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are correlated with exacerbation of ischemic heart disease, sometimes even leading to myocardial infarction (Schumann et al, 2010). These events are most common in patients with coronary artery disease (Nowlin et al, 1965). Of particular importance is the change in the dynamics of the loops of the autonomous control of blood circulation, due to the influence of the higher nervous centers on them (van Roon et al, 2004; Ivanov, 2006). The development of pathologies such as apnea is associated with dysfunction of the autonomic control of the cardiovascular system (Aydin et al, 2004; Khoo and Blasi, 2013; Roder et al, 2018)
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