Simplified skipped phase encoding and edge deghosting (SPEED) for imaging sparse objects with applications to MRA

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The fast imaging method named skipped phase encoding and edge deghosting (SPEED) has been demonstrated to reduce scan time considerably with typical magnetic resonance imaging data. In this work, SPEED is simplified with improved efficiency to accelerate the scan of sparse objects; we refer to this method as S-SPEED. S-SPEED partially samples k-space into two interleaved data sets, each with the same skip size of N but a different relative shift in phase encoding. The sampled data are then Fourier transformed into two ghosted images with N aliasing ghosts. Given the sparseness of signal distribution, the ghosted images are simply modeled with a single-layer structure, analogous to that used in maximum-intensity projection. With an algorithm based on a least-square-error solution, a deghosted image is solved, and a residual map is output for quality control. S-SPEED can be generalized to include more layers with additional acquisitions for refined results. Without differential filtering and full central k-space sampling, S-SPEED reduces scan time further and achieves more straightforward reconstruction, as compared with SPEED. In this work, S-SPEED is applied to accelerate magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) by taking advantage of the sparse nature of MRA data. With sparse phantom data and in vivo phase contrast MRA data, S-SPEED is demonstrated to achieve satisfactory results with an acceleration factor of 5.5 using a single coil.