Abstract
Simple Features for R: Standardized Support for Spatial Vector Data
Highlights
Simple features are a standardized way of encoding spatial vector data in computers
Feature geometry refers to the spatial properties of a feature, and can be described by a point, a point set, a linestring, a set of linestrings, a polygon, a set of polygons, or a combination of these
At the time of writing sp (2003) there was no standard for simple features, and the ESRI shapefile was by far the dominant file format for exchanging vector data
Summary
Simple features are a standardized way of encoding spatial vector data (points, lines, polygons) in computers. Simple feature access (Herring, 2011) is an international standard for representing and encoding spatial data, dominantly represented by point, line, and polygon geometries (ISO, 2004). The lack of a clear (open) standard for shapefiles, the omnipresence of “bad” or malformed shapefiles, and the many limitations of the ways it can represent spatial data adversely affected sp, for instance in the way it represents holes in polygons, and a lack of discipline to register holes with their enclosing outer ring. Such ambiguities could influence plotting of data, or communication with other systems or libraries
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