Abstract
A simple and fast prediction scheme is presented for train-induced ground and building vibrations. Simple models such as (one-dimensional) transfer matrices are used for the vehicle–track–soil interaction and for the building–soil interaction. The wave propagation through layered soils is approximated by a frequency-dependent homogeneous half-space. The prediction is divided into the parts “emission” (excitation by railway traffic), “transmission” (wave propagation through the soil) and “immission” (transfer into a building). The link between the modules is made by the excitation force between emission and transmission, and by the free-field vibration between transmission and immission. All formula for the simple vehicle–track, soil and building models are given in this article. The behaviour of the models is demonstrated by typical examples, including the mitigation of train vibrations by elastic track elements, the low- and high-frequency cut-offs characteristic for layered soils, and the interacting soil, wall and floor resonances of multi-storey buildings. It is shown that the results of the simple prediction models can well represent the behaviour of the more time-consuming detailed models, the finite-element boundary-element models of the track, the wavenumber integrals for the soil and the three-dimensional finite-element models of the building. In addition, measurement examples are given for each part of the prediction, confirming that the methods provide reasonable results. As the prediction models are fast in calculation, many predictions can be done, for example to assess the environmental effect along a new railway line. The simple models have the additional advantage that the user needs to know only a minimum of parameters. So, the prediction is fast and user-friendly, but also theoretically and experimentally well-founded.
Highlights
The railway-induced ground and building vibrations have been extensively analysed by measurements and detailed models
A simple and fast prediction scheme has been presented for train-induced ground and building vibrations
All formula for the vehicle–track, soil and building models have been given in this article
Summary
The railway-induced ground and building vibrations have been extensively analysed by measurements and detailed models. The present article describes a fast prediction of all three parts (Fig. 1), emission (excitation by rail traffic), transmission (propagation through the soil) and immission (response of buildings). The approximating model of the layered half-space is a homogeneous half-space with a frequencydependent wave velocity These prediction methods are fast in computation, the response follows within a second, and simple in handling, as only a minimum of parameters is needed as the input. 3, 5, 7) including some example results, the comparison with detailed numerical models and with measurements which shows the good theoretical agreement and the practical relevance of the prediction methods.
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